Preheat the oven. Set it to 375°F (190°C).
Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Prep the broccoli. Steam or blanch the florets just until crisp-tender, about 3–4 minutes. Drain well so the casserole doesn’t get watery.
Sauté aromatics. In a large skillet, melt the butter over medium heat. Add onion and a pinch of salt.
Cook 4–5 minutes until soft. Stir in garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Make the creamy base. Sprinkle flour over the onion mixture and stir for 1 minute. Slowly whisk in chicken broth, then milk.
Simmer 3–5 minutes, stirring, until slightly thickened.
Add creaminess and seasoning. Turn off the heat. Whisk in sour cream, 1 1/2 cups cheddar, paprika, dry mustard, and garlic powder. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
The sauce should be well-seasoned now.
Combine the filling. In a large bowl, mix cooked rice, chicken, and broccoli. Pour the sauce over and fold gently until everything is coated.
Assemble. Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish. Top with the remaining 1 cup cheddar.
Optional crunchy topping. In a small bowl, combine panko and Parmesan with a drizzle of olive oil.
Sprinkle evenly over the cheese.
Bake. Bake uncovered for 20–25 minutes, until bubbly around the edges and the top is golden.
Rest and serve. Let it sit 5–10 minutes to set. Sprinkle with parsley. Serve warm.